{"id":6234,"date":"2026-07-16T22:16:20","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T16:46:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/?p=6234"},"modified":"2026-07-16T22:16:20","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T16:46:20","slug":"merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/","title":{"rendered":"Merrill&#8217;s First Principles of Instruction: A Practical Guide to Designing Learning That Works"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"101\" data-end=\"386\">Many courses are packed with information, yet learners often struggle to apply what they have learned in real-world situations. The reason is simple\u2014<strong data-start=\"250\" data-end=\"351\">learning happens best when learners actively solve problems, practice skills, and apply knowledge<\/strong>, rather than just consume content.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"388\" data-end=\"559\">This is the foundation of <strong data-start=\"414\" data-end=\"459\">Merrill&#8217;s First Principles of Instruction<\/strong>, one of the most practical instructional design models for creating effective learning experiences.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"561\" data-end=\"747\">Developed by <strong data-start=\"574\" data-end=\"605\">Dr. M. David Merrill (2002)<\/strong>, the model provides a simple, evidence-based framework for designing instruction that leads to meaningful learning and long-term performance.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"749\" data-end=\"752\" \/>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#What_Are_Merrills_First_Principles_of_Instruction\" >What Are Merrill&#8217;s First Principles of Instruction?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Why_Is_Merrills_Model_Used\" >Why Is Merrill&#8217;s Model Used?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#The_Five_First_Principles_of_Instruction\" >The Five First Principles of Instruction<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#1_Problem-Centered_Learning\" >1. Problem-Centered Learning<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Question\" >Question<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Examples\" >Examples<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Teaching_Activities\" >Teaching Activities<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#2_Activation\" >2. Activation<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Question-2\" >Question<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Teaching_Activities-2\" >Teaching Activities<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#3_Demonstration\" >3. Demonstration<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Question-3\" >Question<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Teaching_Activities-3\" >Teaching Activities<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#4_Application\" >4. Application<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Question-4\" >Question<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Teaching_Activities-4\" >Teaching Activities<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#5_Integration\" >5. Integration<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Question-5\" >Question<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Teaching_Activities-5\" >Teaching Activities<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#A_Practical_Example\" >A Practical Example<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#How_Educators_Use_Merrills_Model\" >How Educators Use Merrill&#8217;s Model<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Step_1_Define_the_real-world_task\" >Step 1: Define the real-world task.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Step_2_Activate_prior_knowledge\" >Step 2: Activate prior knowledge.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Step_3_Demonstrate_the_skill\" >Step 3: Demonstrate the skill.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Step_4_Allow_guided_practice\" >Step 4: Allow guided practice.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Step_5_Integrate_learning_into_practice\" >Step 5: Integrate learning into practice.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Strengths_of_Merrills_Model\" >Strengths of Merrill&#8217;s Model<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Limitations\" >Limitations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#A_Simple_Memory_Trick\" >A Simple Memory Trick<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#How_Merrills_Model_Fits_with_Other_Educational_Frameworks\" >How Merrill&#8217;s Model Fits with Other Educational Frameworks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#A_Practical_Integration\" >A Practical Integration<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Key_Takeaways\" >Key Takeaways<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/#Final_Thought\" >Final Thought<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 data-start=\"754\" data-end=\"807\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_Merrills_First_Principles_of_Instruction\"><\/span>What Are Merrill&#8217;s First Principles of Instruction?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"809\" data-end=\"895\">Merrill&#8217;s model identifies <strong data-start=\"836\" data-end=\"860\">five core principles<\/strong> that make learning more effective.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"897\" data-end=\"916\">Rather than asking,<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"918\" data-end=\"954\">\n<p data-start=\"920\" data-end=\"954\"><strong data-start=\"920\" data-end=\"954\">&#8220;What content should I teach?&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"956\" data-end=\"964\">it asks,<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1057\">\n<p data-start=\"968\" data-end=\"1057\"><strong data-start=\"968\" data-end=\"1057\">&#8220;How should I design learning so learners can successfully perform real-world tasks?&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p data-start=\"1059\" data-end=\"1134\">The model emphasizes <strong data-start=\"1080\" data-end=\"1101\">learning by doing<\/strong>, not just learning by listening.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1136\" data-end=\"1139\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"1141\" data-end=\"1171\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Is_Merrills_Model_Used\"><\/span>Why Is Merrill&#8217;s Model Used?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1260\">Many training programs focus on delivering information rather than building competence.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1262\" data-end=\"1294\">Merrill&#8217;s model helps educators:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1296\" data-end=\"1502\">\n<li data-start=\"1296\" data-end=\"1333\">Design learner-centered instruction<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1334\" data-end=\"1363\">Improve knowledge retention<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1364\" data-end=\"1390\">Develop practical skills<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1420\">Increase learner engagement<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1421\" data-end=\"1465\">Bridge the gap between theory and practice<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1466\" data-end=\"1502\">Support competency-based education<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1504\" data-end=\"1605\">Instead of passive lectures, learners actively apply their knowledge throughout the learning process.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1504\" data-end=\"1605\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-6237\" src=\"http:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Merrills-principles-of-instruction-infographic.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1671\" height=\"941\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Merrills-principles-of-instruction-infographic.webp 1671w, https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Merrills-principles-of-instruction-infographic-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Merrills-principles-of-instruction-infographic-1024x577.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Merrills-principles-of-instruction-infographic-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Merrills-principles-of-instruction-infographic-1536x865.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Merrills-principles-of-instruction-infographic-610x344.webp 610w, https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Merrills-principles-of-instruction-infographic-1080x608.webp 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1671px) 100vw, 1671px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1607\" data-end=\"1610\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"1612\" data-end=\"1654\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Five_First_Principles_of_Instruction\"><\/span>The Five First Principles of Instruction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 data-start=\"1656\" data-end=\"1687\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Problem-Centered_Learning\"><\/span>1. Problem-Centered Learning<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"1689\" data-end=\"1701\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question\"><\/span>Question<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1748\"><strong data-start=\"1703\" data-end=\"1748\">Are learners solving real-world problems?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"1822\">Learning should begin with an authentic task rather than isolated facts.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1824\" data-end=\"1836\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples\"><\/span>Examples<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1838\" data-end=\"1926\">\n<li data-start=\"1838\" data-end=\"1853\">Clinical case<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"1873\">Business scenario<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1874\" data-end=\"1897\">Engineering challenge<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"1926\">Patient management problem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"1928\" data-end=\"1951\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Teaching_Activities\"><\/span>Teaching Activities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1953\" data-end=\"2042\">\n<li data-start=\"1953\" data-end=\"1974\">Case-based learning<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1975\" data-end=\"2005\">Problem-based learning (PBL)<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2006\" data-end=\"2019\">Simulations<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2020\" data-end=\"2042\">Scenario discussions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2044\" data-end=\"2055\"><strong data-start=\"2044\" data-end=\"2055\">Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2057\" data-end=\"2167\">Instead of teaching ECG theory first, present a patient with chest pain and ask learners to interpret the ECG.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2169\" data-end=\"2172\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2174\" data-end=\"2190\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Activation\"><\/span>2. Activation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"2192\" data-end=\"2204\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question-2\"><\/span>Question<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2206\" data-end=\"2240\"><strong data-start=\"2206\" data-end=\"2240\">What do learners already know?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2242\" data-end=\"2320\">New learning becomes easier when connected to prior knowledge and experiences.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2322\" data-end=\"2345\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Teaching_Activities-2\"><\/span>Teaching Activities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2347\" data-end=\"2415\">\n<li data-start=\"2347\" data-end=\"2362\">Brainstorming<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2363\" data-end=\"2374\">Pre-tests<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2375\" data-end=\"2387\">Reflection<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2388\" data-end=\"2400\">Discussion<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2401\" data-end=\"2415\">Concept maps<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2417\" data-end=\"2428\"><strong data-start=\"2417\" data-end=\"2428\">Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2430\" data-end=\"2544\">Before teaching hypertension, ask learners what causes high blood pressure and how they currently manage patients.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2546\" data-end=\"2549\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2551\" data-end=\"2570\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Demonstration\"><\/span>3. Demonstration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"2572\" data-end=\"2584\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question-3\"><\/span>Question<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2586\" data-end=\"2633\"><strong data-start=\"2586\" data-end=\"2633\">Can learners see how the task is performed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2635\" data-end=\"2699\">Learners need to observe experts performing the skill correctly.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2701\" data-end=\"2724\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Teaching_Activities-3\"><\/span>Teaching Activities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2726\" data-end=\"2828\">\n<li data-start=\"2726\" data-end=\"2750\">Faculty demonstrations<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2751\" data-end=\"2759\">Videos<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2760\" data-end=\"2790\">Live clinical demonstrations<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2791\" data-end=\"2808\">Worked examples<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2809\" data-end=\"2828\">Screen recordings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2830\" data-end=\"2841\"><strong data-start=\"2830\" data-end=\"2841\">Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2843\" data-end=\"2930\">The instructor demonstrates proper blood pressure measurement before students practice.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"2932\" data-end=\"2935\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"2937\" data-end=\"2954\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Application\"><\/span>4. Application<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"2956\" data-end=\"2968\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question-4\"><\/span>Question<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2970\" data-end=\"3006\"><strong data-start=\"2970\" data-end=\"3006\">Can learners practice the skill?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3008\" data-end=\"3081\">Learning becomes meaningful through guided practice with timely feedback.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3083\" data-end=\"3106\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Teaching_Activities-4\"><\/span>Teaching Activities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3108\" data-end=\"3200\">\n<li data-start=\"3108\" data-end=\"3127\">Skills laboratory<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3128\" data-end=\"3143\">OSCE practice<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3144\" data-end=\"3157\">Simulations<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3158\" data-end=\"3178\">Clinical exercises<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3179\" data-end=\"3200\">Interactive quizzes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3202\" data-end=\"3213\"><strong data-start=\"3202\" data-end=\"3213\">Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3215\" data-end=\"3313\">Students repeatedly measure blood pressure on simulated patients while receiving faculty feedback.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3315\" data-end=\"3318\" \/>\n<h2 data-start=\"3320\" data-end=\"3337\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Integration\"><\/span>5. Integration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"3339\" data-end=\"3351\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question-5\"><\/span>Question<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3353\" data-end=\"3402\"><strong data-start=\"3353\" data-end=\"3402\">Can learners apply the learning in real life?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3404\" data-end=\"3478\">Learners should transfer new knowledge and skills into authentic practice.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3480\" data-end=\"3503\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Teaching_Activities-5\"><\/span>Teaching Activities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3505\" data-end=\"3603\">\n<li data-start=\"3505\" data-end=\"3524\">Clinical postings<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3525\" data-end=\"3545\">Workplace projects<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3546\" data-end=\"3558\">Reflection<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3559\" data-end=\"3574\">Presentations<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3575\" data-end=\"3590\">Peer teaching<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3591\" data-end=\"3603\">Portfolios<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3605\" data-end=\"3616\"><strong data-start=\"3605\" data-end=\"3616\">Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3618\" data-end=\"3716\">Students measure blood pressure during clinical rotations and educate patients about hypertension.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"3718\" data-end=\"3721\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"3723\" data-end=\"3744\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Practical_Example\"><\/span>A Practical Example<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"3746\" data-end=\"3799\">Imagine you&#8217;re teaching <strong data-start=\"3770\" data-end=\"3798\">Basic Life Support (BLS)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"3801\" data-end=\"4224\">\n<thead data-start=\"3801\" data-end=\"3842\">\n<tr data-start=\"3801\" data-end=\"3842\">\n<th class=\"last:pe-10\" data-start=\"3801\" data-end=\"3821\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Merrill Principle<\/th>\n<th class=\"last:pe-10\" data-start=\"3821\" data-end=\"3842\" data-col-size=\"md\">Learning Activity<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"4224\">\n<tr data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"3937\">\n<td data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"3899\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3887\" data-end=\"3898\">Problem<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"3899\" data-end=\"3937\">Present a cardiac arrest scenario.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3938\" data-end=\"4008\">\n<td data-start=\"3938\" data-end=\"3955\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3940\" data-end=\"3954\">Activation<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"3955\" data-end=\"4008\">Discuss learners&#8217; previous emergency experiences.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4009\" data-end=\"4061\">\n<td data-start=\"4009\" data-end=\"4029\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"4011\" data-end=\"4028\">Demonstration<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"4029\" data-end=\"4061\">Instructor demonstrates CPR.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4062\" data-end=\"4134\">\n<td data-start=\"4062\" data-end=\"4080\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"4064\" data-end=\"4079\">Application<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"4080\" data-end=\"4134\">Learners practice CPR on mannequins with feedback.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"4135\" data-end=\"4224\">\n<td data-start=\"4135\" data-end=\"4153\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"4137\" data-end=\"4152\">Integration<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"4153\" data-end=\"4224\">Learners perform CPR during simulation drills or clinical practice.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"4226\" data-end=\"4280\">Notice how learners move from <strong data-start=\"4256\" data-end=\"4266\">seeing<\/strong> to <strong data-start=\"4270\" data-end=\"4279\">doing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4282\" data-end=\"4285\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4287\" data-end=\"4322\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Educators_Use_Merrills_Model\"><\/span>How Educators Use Merrill&#8217;s Model<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"4324\" data-end=\"4366\">A simple instructional design workflow is:<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4368\" data-end=\"4407\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_1_Define_the_real-world_task\"><\/span>Step 1: Define the real-world task.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4409\" data-end=\"4417\">Example:<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"4419\" data-end=\"4458\"><em data-start=\"4419\" data-end=\"4458\">&#8220;Manage a patient with acute asthma.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4460\" data-end=\"4497\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_2_Activate_prior_knowledge\"><\/span>Step 2: Activate prior knowledge.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4499\" data-end=\"4558\">Discuss previous patient encounters or review key concepts.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4560\" data-end=\"4594\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_3_Demonstrate_the_skill\"><\/span>Step 3: Demonstrate the skill.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4596\" data-end=\"4646\">Show the correct assessment and treatment process.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4648\" data-end=\"4682\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_4_Allow_guided_practice\"><\/span>Step 4: Allow guided practice.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4684\" data-end=\"4742\">Use simulations, role plays, or skills labs with feedback.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4744\" data-end=\"4789\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Step_5_Integrate_learning_into_practice\"><\/span>Step 5: Integrate learning into practice.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4791\" data-end=\"4861\">Provide workplace opportunities, reflection, and follow-up activities.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"4863\" data-end=\"4866\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"4868\" data-end=\"4898\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strengths_of_Merrills_Model\"><\/span>Strengths of Merrill&#8217;s Model<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<ul data-start=\"4900\" data-end=\"5163\">\n<li data-start=\"4900\" data-end=\"4923\">Simple and practical.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4924\" data-end=\"4958\">Strong focus on active learning.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4959\" data-end=\"4990\">Encourages learning by doing.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4991\" data-end=\"5022\">Improves knowledge retention.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5023\" data-end=\"5106\">Easily applied in medical, nursing, engineering, corporate, and online education.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5107\" data-end=\"5163\">Supports competency-based and outcome-based education.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"5165\" data-end=\"5168\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"5170\" data-end=\"5183\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limitations\"><\/span>Limitations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<ul data-start=\"5185\" data-end=\"5416\">\n<li data-start=\"5185\" data-end=\"5227\">Requires careful instructional planning.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5228\" data-end=\"5295\">Practical sessions and simulations may need additional resources.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5296\" data-end=\"5350\">Time-intensive compared with lecture-based teaching.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5351\" data-end=\"5416\">Faculty must provide timely feedback for maximum effectiveness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr data-start=\"5418\" data-end=\"5421\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"5423\" data-end=\"5446\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Simple_Memory_Trick\"><\/span>A Simple Memory Trick<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"5448\" data-end=\"5470\">Remember the sequence:<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5472\" data-end=\"5528\"><strong data-start=\"5472\" data-end=\"5528\">Problem \u2192 Activate \u2192 Demonstrate \u2192 Apply \u2192 Integrate<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5530\" data-end=\"5545\">Think of it as:<\/p>\n<blockquote data-start=\"5547\" data-end=\"5678\">\n<p data-start=\"5549\" data-end=\"5678\"><strong data-start=\"5549\" data-end=\"5678\">&#8220;Start with a problem, connect to prior knowledge, show the skill, let learners practice, and help them use it in real life.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<hr data-start=\"5680\" data-end=\"5683\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"5685\" data-end=\"5745\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Merrills_Model_Fits_with_Other_Educational_Frameworks\"><\/span>How Merrill&#8217;s Model Fits with Other Educational Frameworks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"TyagGW_tableContainer\">\n<div class=\"group TyagGW_tableWrapper flex flex-col-reverse w-fit\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"5747\" data-end=\"6263\">\n<thead data-start=\"5747\" data-end=\"5793\">\n<tr data-start=\"5747\" data-end=\"5793\">\n<th class=\"last:pe-10\" data-start=\"5747\" data-end=\"5759\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Framework<\/th>\n<th class=\"last:pe-10\" data-start=\"5759\" data-end=\"5777\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Primary Purpose<\/th>\n<th class=\"last:pe-10\" data-start=\"5777\" data-end=\"5793\" data-col-size=\"md\">Key Question<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"5841\" data-end=\"6263\">\n<tr data-start=\"5841\" data-end=\"5946\">\n<td data-start=\"5841\" data-end=\"5864\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"5843\" data-end=\"5863\">Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"5864\" data-end=\"5893\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Define learning objectives<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"5893\" data-end=\"5946\"><em data-start=\"5895\" data-end=\"5944\">What level of thinking should learners achieve?<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"5947\" data-end=\"6029\">\n<td data-start=\"5947\" data-end=\"5970\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"5949\" data-end=\"5969\">Miller&#8217;s Pyramid<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"5970\" data-end=\"5990\">Assess competence<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"5990\" data-end=\"6029\"><em data-start=\"5992\" data-end=\"6027\">Can learners perform in practice?<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6030\" data-end=\"6141\">\n<td data-start=\"6030\" data-end=\"6054\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6032\" data-end=\"6053\">Kirkpatrick Model<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"6054\" data-end=\"6088\">Evaluate training effectiveness<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"6088\" data-end=\"6141\"><em data-start=\"6090\" data-end=\"6139\">Did the training improve learning and outcomes?<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"6142\" data-end=\"6263\">\n<td data-start=\"6142\" data-end=\"6175\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"6144\" data-end=\"6174\">Merrill&#8217;s First Principles<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"6175\" data-end=\"6206\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Design effective instruction<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"6206\" data-end=\"6263\"><em data-start=\"6208\" data-end=\"6261\">How should learning be designed for maximum impact?<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr data-start=\"6265\" data-end=\"6268\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6270\" data-end=\"6295\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Practical_Integration\"><\/span>A Practical Integration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"6297\" data-end=\"6354\">A complete instructional design workflow looks like this:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"6356\" data-end=\"6615\">\n<li data-start=\"6356\" data-end=\"6409\"><strong data-start=\"6359\" data-end=\"6379\">Bloom&#8217;s Taxonomy<\/strong> \u2192 Define learning objectives.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6410\" data-end=\"6483\"><strong data-start=\"6413\" data-end=\"6443\">Merrill&#8217;s First Principles<\/strong> \u2192 Design engaging learning experiences.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6484\" data-end=\"6536\"><strong data-start=\"6487\" data-end=\"6507\">Miller&#8217;s Pyramid<\/strong> \u2192 Assess learner competence.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6537\" data-end=\"6615\"><strong data-start=\"6540\" data-end=\"6561\">Kirkpatrick Model<\/strong> \u2192 Evaluate the effectiveness of the training program.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"6617\" data-end=\"6704\">This creates a seamless process from <strong data-start=\"6654\" data-end=\"6703\">planning \u2192 teaching \u2192 assessment \u2192 evaluation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6706\" data-end=\"6709\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"6711\" data-end=\"6726\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Takeaways\"><\/span>Key Takeaways<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<ul data-start=\"6728\" data-end=\"7033\">\n<li data-start=\"6728\" data-end=\"6782\"><strong data-start=\"6730\" data-end=\"6750\">Problem-Centered<\/strong> \u2013 Begin with a real-world task.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6783\" data-end=\"6842\"><strong data-start=\"6785\" data-end=\"6799\">Activation<\/strong> \u2013 Connect new learning to prior knowledge.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6843\" data-end=\"6903\"><strong data-start=\"6845\" data-end=\"6862\">Demonstration<\/strong> \u2013 Show learners how to perform the task.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6904\" data-end=\"6962\"><strong data-start=\"6906\" data-end=\"6921\">Application<\/strong> \u2013 Provide guided practice with feedback.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6963\" data-end=\"7033\"><strong data-start=\"6965\" data-end=\"6980\">Integration<\/strong> \u2013 Help learners apply skills in real-world settings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"7035\" data-end=\"7177\">Together, these five principles create learning experiences that are engaging, practical, and focused on performance rather than memorization.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"7179\" data-end=\"7182\" \/>\n<h1 data-start=\"7184\" data-end=\"7199\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Final_Thought\"><\/span>Final Thought<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"7201\" data-end=\"7738\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Great instruction is not defined by how much content is delivered\u2014it is defined by how well learners can apply what they have learned. Merrill&#8217;s First Principles of Instruction provide a practical blueprint for designing courses that move beyond lectures and toward authentic, hands-on learning. By guiding learners through <strong data-start=\"7525\" data-end=\"7593\">Problem \u2192 Activation \u2192 Demonstration \u2192 Application \u2192 Integration<\/strong>, educators can create experiences that build confidence, competence, and lasting performance in the classroom, workplace, and clinical practice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Many courses are packed with information, yet learners often struggle to apply what they have learned in real-world situations. The reason is simple\u2014learning happens best when learners actively solve problems, practice skills, and apply knowledge, rather than just consume content. This is the foundation of Merrill&#8217;s First Principles of Instruction, one of the most practical [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ai-in-coaching","category-digital-coaching","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Many courses are packed with information, yet learners often struggle to apply what they have learned in real-world situations. 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This is the foundation of Merrill's First Principles of Instruction, one of the most practical","twitter:creator":"@dynamicsajjan","twitter:image":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Merrills-principles-of-instruction-infographic-thumbnail.webp"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"6234","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"BlogPosting","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"schemas":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":{"subject":"","preview":"","content":""},"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"created":"2026-07-16 16:46:20","updated":"2026-07-16 17:22:03","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/category\/digital-coaching\/\" title=\"Digital Coaching\">Digital Coaching<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/category\/digital-coaching\/ai-in-coaching\/\" title=\"AI in Coaching\">AI in Coaching<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tMerrill\u2019s First Principles of Instruction: A Practical Guide to Designing Learning That Works\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog"},{"label":"Digital Coaching","link":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/category\/digital-coaching\/"},{"label":"AI in Coaching","link":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/category\/digital-coaching\/ai-in-coaching\/"},{"label":"Merrill&#8217;s First Principles of Instruction: A Practical Guide to Designing Learning That Works","link":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/merrills-first-principles-of-instruction-a-practical-guide-to-designing-learning-that-works\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6234"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6238,"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6234\/revisions\/6238"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.drsajjan.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}